We like to see signal level and interferences from another wireless networks on your new wireless card. Can you install inSSIDer or some other software?

What do you mean saying - "rescue/recovery mode"

Can you check IP addressing after plugged in your computer (for example screen from ipconfig /all)?

One possibilities is wired connection "Orange ADSL" router with your TP-Link and use him like AP (access point).

What kind of operating system do you have?

I'm lost in this thread too many informations for me. Firstly, do you have access to your router settings by internet browser? What kind of model W8960N do you have (hardware version)? You have to...