@Raphasaurus  Hello, 

May I know the model of your router and does the ping spike on 2.4Ghz/ 5Ghz Wi-Fi? 

It is recommended scan for the WiFi channels using WiFi analyzer APP or software and select the a relative idle channel for WiFi. 

Here is a chipset driver for Archer T4E which you could give it a try:

https://static.tp-link.com/2019/201911/20191128/T4E.zip

Here is an instruction to manually install driver:  https://www.tp-link.com/support/faq/920/

Note: (for test purpose) it is recommended to put the computer closer to the router and shut off some programs like gaming or online video applications while perform ping test.

If still the issue, please help confirm some details here to help locate the issue, thank you. 
1.How did you do the ping test and please share photo of the ping:
2.  When the ping spikes appeared, what are your network activities, for example playing online games, video streaming or P2P downloading, etc?  Is there any certain game or network activity that will cause the issue? 
3. How about the other wireless adapters, does other pc or laptop work fine with the same Wi-Fi?
4. Please check the motherboard of your computer and share a photo with us: https://www.tp-link.com/support/faq/2722/